use `rsync`:
rsync -a --ignore-existing cosmo_sim_9 /dest/disk/cosmo_sim_9
`--ignore-existing` will cause it to skip existing files on the destination, `-a` will make it recursive, preserving if possible permission/ownership/group/timestamp/links/special devices.
you can do it for all directories by using a bash `for` loop:
for dir in cosmo_sim_* ; do
rsync -a --ignore-existing "$dir" "/dest/disk/$dir"
done