Using Kate 20.12.2, when you have at least two tabs open, you can right-click any tab and select "Compare with active document".
The choices I have in Debian 11 are "kdiff3", "kompare", and "meld". (These packages are not installed with the distro, and will need to be installed before they can be used.)
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_Alternatively, if you have a file open in Kate and the file is modified by another program, switching back to Kate will trigger a prompt that the file has been modified, and there will be a "View Difference" button that will compare with the previous version of the file._