After any finite amount of time, the ball will not be at the point $B$. In fact, after $n$ seconds, the ball will travel $1 - \frac{1}{2^n}$ of the full distance between $A$ and $B$. This is because after one seconds, the ball travels a distance of $\frac12$, after $2$ seconds, it travels $\frac12 + \frac 34$, and after $n$ seconds, it travels
$$\sum_{i=1}^n \frac1{2^i} = 1 - \frac{1}{2^n}$$
So, what is wrong with your logic? You say "if something is constantly advancing, it will eventually get from $A$ to $B$", which is false. Your example shows quite clearly that even if something is constantly advancing, if the amount it is advancing by is decreasing, it may never reach its destination.